The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), based in New Jersey, USA, promulgated EPON. This privately run professional organization consists of individual members and their emplo

This report is our try that aims to explain in brief the current FTTH and FTTx (Fiber to The Premises) networks that are utilized together with a coupl

Fiber optics is becoming one of the most common type of media in networking applications. It could be called "fiber", "optical fiber", or "fiber optics media", but all of these terms refer to the same

PON system might have different types of problems happening in different parts of network. Location of the problem defines whether all or just several subscribers will affected. Troubleshooting allows

What is Optical Network? It is a network containing both active and passive elements. Active elements are in Central Office, at customer, in repeat