AWG is multiplexing multiple wavelengths to one single optical signal in upstream direction and separating signals carried on different wavelengths in one signal, to multiple output ports. AWG is used as multiplexer/demultiplexer in WDM-PON.
The AWG is operating in these five steps:
- Signal is incoming to the splitter
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Signal enters a set of parallel waveguides with different lengths
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Signal affected by waveguides goes through the optical combiner
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Signal is being interfered while entering output waveguides
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Waveguides provide each output port with only one wavelength.
Figure 1. AWG operation
Waveguide operation is shown in Figure 1. For the multiplexing all five steps would happen in reverse order.
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